Adnexal masses associated with pelvic pain: A review and commentary on the evidence
Juan Carlos Tirado-Tapia 1,
Enrique Alejandro Sanchez-Valdivieso 1 2 * More Detail
1 Department of Oncology, High Specialty Hospital of Veracruz, Mexico
2 Department of Research, School of Medicine, Cristobal Colon University, Veracruz, Mexico
* Corresponding Author
J CLIN MED KAZ, Volume 20, Issue 3, pp. 8-13.
https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13329
OPEN ACCESS
757 Views
609 Downloads
ABSTRACT
Pain in relation to the menstrual cycle is representative of Endometriosis. It has been reported that Endometriosis can be easily confounded with neoplasia. In the clinical practice of Gynecologic Oncology we find with relative frequency patients who are unknown carriers of endometriosis who present and are operated on because they resemble a picture of gynecological cancer, predominantly of the ovary. It has been reported that Endometriosis can be easily confounded with neoplasia. Endometriomas form part of the differential diagnosis alongside various ovarian cystic formations.
On the other hand, ovarian tumors are very common in women of reproductive age. Most are benign, but malignant ovarian tumors are a leading cause of cancer death in women.
In women with endometriosis, the risk of developing ovarian cancer has been estimated to be up to 50% higher than in the general population. The aim of our concise review was to establish the current state of knowledge regarding adnexal tumors associated with pelvic pain.
CITATION
Tirado-Tapia JC, Sanchez-Valdivieso EA. Adnexal masses associated with pelvic pain: A review and commentary on the evidence. J CLIN MED KAZ. 2023;20(3):8-13.
https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13329
REFERENCES
- Bulun SE. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360:268-79. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0804690
- Konrad L, Dietze R, Kudipudi PK, et al. Endometriosis in MRKH cases as a proof for the coelomic metaplasia hypothesis? Reproduction. 2019; 158:R41-7. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-19-0106
- Wang Y, Nicholes K, Shih I-M. The origin and pathogenesis of endometriosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2020; 15:71-95. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032654
- Hayashi S, Nakamura T, Motooka Y, Ito F, Jiang L, Akatsuka S, Iwase A, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F, Toyokuni S. Novel ovarian endometriosis model causes of infertility via iron-mediated oxidative stress in mice. Redox Biol. 2020; 37:101726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101726
- Smolarz B, Szyłło K, Romanowicz H. Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature). Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(19):10554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910554
- Becker CM, Bokor A, Heikinheimo O, Horne A, Jansen F, Kiesel L, King K, Kvaskoff M, Nap A, Petersen K, et al. ESHRE guideline: endometriosis. Human Reproduction Open. 2022; 2022(2): hoac009
- Sachedina A, Todd N. Dysmenorrhea, Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain in Adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2020; 12(Suppl 1):7-17. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.S0217
- Zondervan KT, Becker CM, Missmer SA. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(13):1244-1256. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1810764
- Nowak-Psiorz I, Ciećwież SM, Brodowska A, Starczewski A. Treatment of ovarian endometrial cysts in the context of recurrence and fertility. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2019; 28(3):407-413. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/90767
- Chapron C, Marcellin L, Borghese B, Santulli P. Rethinking mechanisms, diagnosis and management of endometriosis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019; 15(11): 666-682. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0245-z
- Cacciottola C, Donnez J, Dolmans M-M. Can Endometriosis-Related Oxidative Stress Pave the Way for New Treatment Targets? Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(13):7138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137138
- Koninckx PR, Fernandes R, Ussia A, Schindler L, Wattiez A, Al-Suwaidi S, Amro B, Al-Maamari B, Hakim Z, Tahlak M. Pathogenesis Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Endometriosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021; 12:745548. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.745548
- Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Curcumin and Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(7):2440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072440
- Sroyrayaa M, Songkoomkronga S, Changklungmoac N, Poljaroena J, Weerakietd S, Sophonsritsukd A, Wongkularbd A, Lertvikoold S, Tingthanatikuld Y, Sobhon P. Differential expressions of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometria and cyst walls of ovarian endometrioma from women with endometriosis and their responses to depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment. Mol Cell Probes. 2018; 40:27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2018.07.001
- Reis FM, Coutinho LM, Vannuccini S, Batteux F, Chapron C, Petraglia F. Progesterone receptor ligands for the treatment of endometriosis: the mechanisms behind therapeutic success and failure. Hum Reprod Update. 2020; 26(4):565-585. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmaa009
- Donnez J, Dolmans MM. Endometriosis and Medical Therapy: From Progestogens to Progesterone Resistance to GnRH Antagonists. J Clin Med. 2021; 10(5):1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051085
- Fu J, Song H, Zhou M, Zhu H, Wang Y, Chen H, Huang W. Progesterone receptor modulators for endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 7(7):CD009881. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009881.pub2
- Wan Hung S, Zhang R, Tan Z, Pui Wah Chung J, Zhang T, Wang CC. Pharmaceuticals targeting signaling pathways of endometriosis as potential new medical treatment: A review. Med Res Rev. 2021; 41(4):2489-2564. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21802
- Gruber TM, Mechsner S. Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: The Origin of Pain and Subfertility. Cells. 2021; 10(6):1381. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061381
- Zondervan KT, Becker CM, Missmer SA. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382:1244-1256. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1810764
- Mehedintu C, Plotogea MN, Ionescu S, Antonovici M. Endometriosis still a challenge. J Med Life. 2014; 7:349-357.
- Moro F, Zannoni GF, Arciuolo D, Pasciuto T, Amoroso S, Mascilini F, Mainenti S, Scambia G, Testa AC. Imaging in gynecological disease (II): Clinical and ultrasound features of mucinous ovarian tumors. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50:261-270. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.17222
- Symons LK, Miller JE, Kay VR, Marks RM, Liblik K, Koti M, Tayade C. The Immunopathophysiology of Endometriosis. Trends Mol Med. 2018; 24(9):748-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2018.07.004
- Li Y, Zeng X, Lu D, Yin M, Shan M, Gao Y. Erastin induces ferroptosis via ferroportin-mediated iron accumulation in endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2021; 36(4):951-964. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa363
- Forster F, Sarginson A, Velichkova A, Hogg C, Dorning A, Horne AW, Saunders FTK, Greaves E. Macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 is a key neurotrophic and nerve-sensitizing factor in pain associated with endometriosis. FASEB J. 2019; 33(10):11210-11222. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201900797R
- Reis-de-Carvalho C, Castro C, Osório F. Unusual endometriosis mimicking disseminated cancer after hysterectomy in a young woman. BMJ Case Rep. 2021; 14:e241002. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-241002
- Santoro A, Piermattei A, Inzani F, et al. Frozen section accurately allows pathological characterization of endometrial cancer in patients with a preoperative ambiguous or inconclusive diagnoses: our experience. BMC Cancer. 2019; 19:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-6318-5
- Chiantera V, Petrillo M, Abesadze E, Sozzi G, Dessole M, Catello Di Donna M, Scambia G, Sehouli J,
Mechsner S. Laparoscopic Neuronavigation for Deep Lateral Pelvic Endometriosis: Clinical and Surgical
Implications. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2018; 25:1217-1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2018.02.015
- Alcazar JL, García E, Machuca M, Quintana R, Escrig J, Chacón E, Mínguez JA, Chiva L. Magnetic
resonance imaging and ultrasound for assessing parametrial infiltration in cervical cancer. A systematic
review and meta-analysis. Med Ultrason. 2020; 22:85-91. https://doi.org/10.11152/mu-2361
- Leonardi M, Martins WP, Espada M, Arianayagam M, Condous G. Proposed technique to visualize
and classify uterosacral ligament deep endometriosis with and without infiltration into parametrium or torus uterinus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 55:137-139. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.20300
- Vercellini P, Vigano P, Buggio L, et al. Perimenopausal management of ovarian endometriosis and associated cancer risk: When is medical or surgical treatment indicated? Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018; 51:151-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.017
- Somigliana E, Vigano' P, Parazzini F, et al. Association between endometriosis and cancer: a comprehensive review and a critical analysis of clinical and epidemiological evidence. Gynecol Oncol. 2006; 101: 331-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.11.033
- Samartzis EP, Labidi-Galy SI, Moschetta M, Uccello M, Kalaitzopoulos DR, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Boussios S. Endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas: Insights into pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutic targets - a narrative review. Ann Transl Med. 2020; 8:1712. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-3022a
- Sampson JA. Endometrial carcinoma of the ovary, arising in endometrial tissue in that organ. Arch Surg. 1925; 10: 1-72. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1925.01120100007001
- Wiegand KC, Shah SP, Al-Agha OM, et al. ARID1A mutations in endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363:1532-43. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1008433
- Jones S, Wang TL, Shih Ie M, et al. Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Science. 2010; 330:228-31. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196333
- Baljeet K. Pathology of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours. Diagnostic Histopathology. 2020; 26(6):289-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpdhp.2020.03.006
- Dellino M, Silvestris E, Loizzi V, Paradiso A, Loiacono R, Minoia C, Daniele A, Cormio G. Germinal ovarian tumors in reproductive age women: Fertility-sparing and outcome. Medicine. 2020; 99(39):e22146. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000022146
- Di Serafino M, Iacobellis F, Schillirò ML, Verde F, Grimaldi D, Dell'Aversano Orabona G, Caruso M, Sabatino V, Rinaldo C, Cantisani V, et al. Pelvic Pain in Reproductive Age: US Findings. Diagnostics. 2022; 12:939. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040939
- Piessens S, Edwards A. Sonographic Evaluation for Endometriosis in Routine Pelvic Ultrasound. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2020; 27:265-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2019.08.027