Chronic diseases and obesity risk: Analysis of Turkish data

Mustafa Ikizek 1 *
More Detail
1 Internal medicine clinic, Ankara, Turkey
* Corresponding Author
J CLIN MED KAZ, Volume 18, Issue 2, pp. 31-38. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/9725
OPEN ACCESS 1647 Views 1211 Downloads
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

Objective: Obesity is a disease with multifactorial and complex etiology. While some chronic diseases are a risk factor for the development of obesity, obesity is associated with the incidence of many chronic diseases. This study aims to determine how much chronic diseases and various socio-demographic variables increase the risk of obesity [body mass index (BMI)].
Methods:  In the study, the group of adults aged 18 and older was analyzed using a data set representing Turkey. The variables used in the analysis were obtained from the “TurkStat Health Survey” micro data set for 2016. In total, fifteen chronic disease types were analyzed using three models, seven binary regression analysis. The analyzes were carried out with 11,374 people.
Results: According to the results obtained in the basic model, bronchial asthma increases the risk of obesity by 1,22 times (p<0,01), chronic bronchitis 1,31 times (p<0,001), essential hypertension 1,55 times (p<0,001), lumbar disc herniation 1,15 times (p<0,001), diabetes mellitus 1,614 times (p<0,001), and urinary incontinence 1,29 times (p<0,001), compared to people without disease (p<0,05).  According to the results obtained in the disease model, bronchial asthma increases the risk of obesity by 1,29 times (p<0,001), chronic bronchitis 1,29 times (p<0,001), essential hypertension 1,661 times (p<0,001), lumbar disc herniation 1,219 times (p<0,001), diabetes mellitus 1,625 times (p<0,001), and urinary incontinence 1,334 times (p<0,001) compared to people without disease, stroke (0,234 times), cervical disc herniation (0,671 times) and liver failure (0,502 times) reduce the risk of obesity compared to people without disease (p <0,05).  In regression models based on both disease and health models, more chronic diseases increase the risk of obesity in women compared to men.
Conclusions:  Diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, diabetes, urinary incontinence, hypertension, and lumbar disc herniation were found to increase the risk of obesity. Diseases that increase the risk of obesity should be fought at the source.
Keywords: Chronic Diseases, Obesity, Turkey Health Survey, General Health Status, Regression Analysis

CITATION

Ikizek M. Chronic diseases and obesity risk: Analysis of Turkish data. J CLIN MED KAZ. 2021;18(2):31-8. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/9725

REFERENCES

  • Kuntz B, Lampert T. Socioeconomic factors and obesity, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 2010; 107(30): 517. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2010.0517
  • Dixon JB. The effect of obesity on health outcomes, Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2010; 316(2): 104-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.008
  • Rippe JM, Crossley S, Ringer R. Obesity as a chronic disease: modern medical and lifestyle management, Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 1998; 98(10): S9-S15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00704-4
  • Yusefzadeh H, Rahimi B, Rashidi ALI. Economic burden of obesity: A systematic review, Soc Health Behav. 2019; 2: 7-12. https://doi.org/10.4103/SHB.SHB_37_18
  • World Health Organization. Physical status: The use of and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. 1995
  • Satman I, Tutuncu Y, Gedik S, Dinccag N, Karsidag K, Yilmaz T at al. Diabetes epidemic in Turkey: Results of the second population based survey of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey (TURDEP-II), Poster: A-11-2498, 47th EASD Annual Meeting, 12-16 Sept 2011, Lisbon, Portugal. 2011
  • Oğuz S, Çamcı G, Arpacıoğlu Y, Şeker M, Erbek H, Yurtdaş M. Bir aile sağlığı merkezine başvuran bireylerin obezite durumunun belirlenmesi. JAREN. 2019; 5 (1): 10-16. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren
  • Byers T. Overweight and mortality among baby boomers-now we're getting personal, New England Journal of Medicine. 2006; 355(8): 758-760. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp068156
  • Gu D, He J, Duan X, Reynolds K, Wu X, Chen J at al. Body weight and mortality among men and women in China. Jama. 2006; 295(7): 776-783. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.7.776
  • Jee SH, Sull JW, Park J, Lee SY, Ohrr H, Guallar E, Samet JM. Body-mass index and mortality in Korean men and women, New England Journal of Medicine, 2006; 355(8), 779-787. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa054017
  • Dobbs R, Sawers C, Thompson F, Manyika J, Woetzel J, Child P, at al. Overcoming obesity: An initial economic analysis. McKinsey Global Institute, 2014. 2016.
  • Tigbe WW, Briggs AH, Lean ME. A patient-centred approach to estimate total annual healthcare cost by body mass index in the UK Counterweight programme, International journal of obesity. 2013; 37(8): 1135-1139. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.186
  • Leyk D, Rüther T, Wunderlich M, Heiß A, Küchmeister G, Piekarski C, Löllgen, H. Sporting activity, prevalence of overweight, and risk factors: Cross-sectional study of more than 12 500 participants aged 16 to 25 years, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 2008; 105(46): 793. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2008.0793
  • DeMaria EJ. Bariatric surgery for morbid obesity, New England Journal of Medicine. 2007; 356(21): 2176-2183. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMct067019
  • Kagan J, Dann M, Fluet G, Ikramuddin S, Swain P, Thomas R, Wilmore M. US. Patent Application No, 11/025,364. 2005.
  • Stevens J, Plankey MW, Williamson DF, Thun MJ, Rust PF, Palesch Y, O'Neil PM. The body mass index‐mortality relationship in white and African American women, Obesity research. 1998; 6(4): 268-277. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00349.x
  • Khalooeifard R, Djafarian K, Safabakhsh M, Rahmani J, Shab‐Bidar S. Dose‐Response Meta‐Analysis of the Impact of Body Mass Index on Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit, Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10473
  • Santas F, Santas G. Obesity among Women in Turkey, Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2018; 47(5): 682-688.
  • 19. McLaren L. Socioeconomic status and obesity, Epidemiologic reviews. 2007; 29(1): 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxm001
  • Arendt JN. Does education cause better health? A panel data analysis using school reforms for identification, Economics of Education review. 2005; 24(2): 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.04.008
  • Biswas RK, Kabir E, Khan HT. Socioeconomic transition and its influence on body mass index (BMI) pattern in Bangladesh, Journal of evaluation in clinical practice. 2019; 25(1): 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13028
  • Malcolm M, Kaya I. Selection works both ways: BMI and marital formation among young women, Review of Economics of the Household. 2016; 14(2): 293-311 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-014-9247-8
  • Lipowicz A, Gronkiewicz S, Malina RM. Body mass index, overweight and obesity in married and never married men and women in Poland, American Journal of Human Biology: The Official Journal of the Human Biology Association. 2002; 14(4): 468-475. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.10062
  • Norman P, Fraser L. Self-reported general health and Body Mass Index: a U-shaped relationship?, Public Health. 2013; 127(10): 938-945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2013.07.003
  • Dehghanizade J, Najafipour F. Effects of a two-month training period on soldiers' general health, social physique anxiety, and body mass index, Journal of Archives in Military Medicine. 2016; 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5812/jamm.33430
  • Gasse C, Boutin A, Demers S, Chaillet N, Bujold E. Body mass index and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: the great obstetrical syndromes (GOS) study, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2019; 32(7): 1063-1068. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1399117
  • Khalid F, Holguin F. A review of obesity and asthma across the life span, Journal of Asthma. 2018; 55(12): 1286-1300. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2018.1424187
  • Patidar V, Tandon S, Nagdeote ST, Sharma D. Effect of BMI on Bronchial Asthma in Indian Adults, People. 2018; 11(1): 1.
  • Jesus JPVD, Lima-Matos AS, Almeida PCA, Lima VB, Mello LMD, Souza-Machado, A, Cruz ÁA. Obesity and asthma: clinical and laboratory characterization of a common combination, Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2018; 44(3): 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562017000000034
  • Baffi CW, Winnica DE, Holguin F. Asthma and obesity: mechanisms and clinical implications, Asthma research and practice. 2015; 1(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40733-015-0001-7
  • Guerra S, Sherrill DL, Bobadilla A, Martinez FD, Barbee RA. The relation of body mass index to asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, Chest. 2002; 122(4): 1256-1263. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.122.4.1256
  • Yang L, Zhou M, Smith M, Yang G, Peto R, Wang J at al. Body mass index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related mortality: a nationally representative prospective study of 220 000 men in China, International journal of epidemiology. 2010; 39(4): 1027-1036. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq051
  • Kvamme JM, Wilsgaard T, Florholmen J, Jacobsen BK. Body mass index and disease burden in elderly men and women: the Tromsø Study, European journal of epidemiology. 2010; 25(3): 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-009-9422-z
  • Bays HE, Chapman RH, Grandy S, SHIELD Investigators' Group. The relationship of body mass index to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia: comparison of data from two national surveys, International journal of clinical practice. 2007; 61(5): 737-747. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01336.x
  • Nguyen NT, Magno CP, Lane KT, Hinojosa MW, Lane JS. Association of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome with obesity: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004, Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2008; 207(6): 928-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.08.022
  • Feng J, Chen Q, Yu F, Wang Z, Chen S, Jin Z at al. Body mass index and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine. 2016; 95(8). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002859
  • Lu B, Hiraki LT, Sparks JA, Malspeis S, Chen CY, Awosogba JA at al. Being overweight or obese and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis among women: a prospective cohort study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2014; 73(11): 1914-1922. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205459
  • Heuch I, Heuch I, Hagen K, Zwart JA. Body mass index as a risk factor for developing chronic low back pain: a follow-up in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Spine. 2013; 38(2): 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182647af2
  • DePalma MJ, Ketchum JM, Saullo TR. Multivariable analyses of the relationships between age, gender, and body mass index and the source of chronic low back pain, Pain Medicine. 2012; 13(4): 498-506. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01339.x
  • Mommsen S, Foldspang A. Body mass index and adult female urinary incontinence, World journal of urology. 1994; 12(6): 319-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184112
  • Demirci N, Aba YA, Süzer F, Karadağ F, Ataman H. 18 yaş üstü kadınlarda üriner inkontinans ve yaşam kalitesine etkileri, Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi. 2012; 7(19): 23-37.
  • Aune D, Mahamat‐Saleh Y, Norat T, Riboli E. Body mass index, abdominal fatness, weight gain and the risk of urinary incontinence: a systematic review and dose-response meta‐analysis of prospective studies, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2019; 126(12): 1424-1433. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15897
  • https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/MicroVeri/sagAr_2016/turkce/kilavuz/index.html