Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Optimizing Counseling Outcomes for Fast Remission of Social Anxiety with Panic Attacks

Sonia Mukhtar 1, Shamim Mukhtar 2, Fatima Naeem 3, Waleed Rana 4 *
More Detail
1 Department of Medicine of Universidad de Oviedo (Spain) Global Disaster Medicine – Health Needs and response at the Karolinska Institutet (Sweden) Department of Primary Care and Population Health of the University of Nicosia (Cyprus)
2 College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
3 Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
4 Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
* Corresponding Author
J CLIN MED KAZ, Volume 21, Issue 5, pp. 50-55. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/15428
OPEN ACCESS 191 Views 132 Downloads
Download Full Text (PDF)
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S. M.; methodology, S. M.; validation, S. M.; formal analysis, W. R, Sh. M.; investigation, S. M.; resources, S. M.; data curation, S. M., writing – original draft preparation, S. M.; writing – review and editing, S. M, Sh. M, F. N, and W. R.; visualization, Sh. M.; supervision – FN; project administration – not applicable; funding acquisition – not applicable. The authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Availability of data and materials: The information about dataset and analyses for the present study is available from corresponding authors.

Informed Consent: The informed consent was taken from the study participants before administration.

ABSTRACT

Aims: The case study evaluates the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in optimizing counseling outcomes for social anxiety and panic attacks within an academic setting. Counseling sessions were conducted with a 23-year-old female client over a four-month period at T.S Government College.
Method: The study utilized a single case study design A-B-A. The client presented with symptoms of social anxiety and panic attacks, impacting various aspects of her life including academic performance, interpersonal relationships, social interactions and family dynamics.
Results: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques including Cognitive Restructuring, Social Skills Training, Role Play and Role Reversal, and Systematic Desensitization through Gradual Exposure, were implemented over 8 sessions. Assessment tools including pre-post ratings, behavioral observations and therapy blueprints were utilized to assess the severity of social anxiety.
Conclusion: A significant decrease in the severity of social anxiety and panic attacks based on both subjective self-reporting and objective observations suggesting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as an approach of counseling for individuals with social anxiety with panic attacks in educational setting.
Keywords: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, case study, case report, social anxiety, panic attacks, cognitive restructuring, systematic desensitization, role play, role reversal, social skills training
Keywords: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, case study, case report, social anxiety, panic attacks, cognitive restructuring, systematic desensitization, role play, role reversal, social skills training

CITATION

Mukhtar S, Mukhtar S, Naeem F, Rana W. Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Optimizing Counseling Outcomes for Fast Remission of Social Anxiety with Panic Attacks. J CLIN MED KAZ. 2024;21(5):50-5. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/15428

REFERENCES

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  • Qadri H, Kumar S, Rafique Khan H, et al. Changes in Lifestyle, Health Practices, and Perceived Anxiety amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted on the General Population of Pakistan. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2021; 35 (1): 1382–1388. https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.35.195.
  • Ullah I, Khan KS, Ali I, Ullah AR, Mukhtar S, de Filippis R, Malik NI, Shalbafan M, Hassan Z, Asghar MS. Depression and anxiety among Pakistani healthcare workers amid COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2022; 78: 103863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103863.
  • Ameringen MV, Mancini C, Pipe B, Bennett M. CNS. Spectrums. 2004; 9(10): 753–762.
  • Mukhtar S. Counseling in the Service of Society: Positive Mental Health Help-Seeking for Students in Schools in PostCOVID-19 with Abuse, Neglect, Trauma in Children and Adolescents. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan. 2024; 61(1), 41–54.
  • Heimberg RG, Becker RE. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia: Basic mechanisms and clinical strategies. Guilford Press; 2002.
  • Clark DM, Wells A. A cognitive model of social phobia. In Heimberg RG, Liebowitz MR, Hope DA, Schneier FR, editors. Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Guilford Press; 1995. p. 69-93.
  • Mukhtar S. Dilemmas in School Counseling Services. Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology. 2019. 18(2): 21–32.
  • Branch R, Willson R. Cognitive behavioral therapy for dummies. London, England: John Wiley & Sons; 2010.
  • Mukhtar S. Experiences, Challenges, and Lessons Learned From COVID-19: A Case Study of Mental Health in Pakistan. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2024; 18: e11. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2024.2.
  • Mukhtar S. Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of Coronavirus Outbreak in Pakistan: Psychological Intervention for Public Mental Health Crisis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020; 51: 102069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102069.
  • Rana W, Mukhtar S, Mukhtar S. Job satisfaction, performance appraisal, reinforcement and job tasks in medical healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2022; 37 (4): 2345–2353. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3476.
  • Gibson RL, Mitchell MH. Introduction to Counseling and Guidance. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education, Inc; 2006.
  • Gladding ST. Counseling a comprehensive profession. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education, Inc; 2009.
  • Goodenough F. Measurement of intelligence by drawings. New York: World Book Co; 1926.
  • Zafar N, Saleem S, Mahmood Z. The development of a self-esteem scale for university students. FWU Journal of Social Sciences. 2012; 6(1): 30–33.
  • Joseph W. The Practice of Behavior Therapy. New York: Pergamon Press; 1969.
  • Martin G, Pear J. Behavior modification: What it is and how to do it. Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1992.
  • Overholser JC. Elements of the Socratic Method: V. Self-improvement. Psychotherapy. 1996; 33: 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.33.2.283.
  • Richerd P, Linda E. The art of Socratic Questioning. The Foundation for Critical Thinking; 2006. Retrieved from www.criticalthinking.org.
  • Mukhtar S, Mahmood Z. Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support between Perceived Parenting Styles and Relational Aggression in Adolescents. J Aggress Maltreatment Trauma. 2018; 27(8): 831–845. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2018.1468842.
  • Mukhtar S, Mukhtar S, Mahmood Z. A Correlational Approach to Relational Aggression: Assessing Individual, Family and Classroom Variables/Determinants of Relational Aggression among Adolescents. Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology. 2022; 21(1): 28–51.
  • Mukhtar S, Mahmood Z. Prevalence and associated factors of relational aggression in educated adolescents. Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society. 2019; 16(2): 8–12.
  • Heimberg RG. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for social anxiety disorder. Current status and future directions. Biological Psychiatry. 2002; 51: 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01183-0.
  • Hough M. Counseling skills and theory. London, England: Hodder Education; 2014.
  • Leahy RL. Cognitive therapy techniques: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Press; 2003.
  • Mukhtar S, Rana W, Mukhtar S. The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Impact of Covid-19 Scale (Ic19-S): A Factor Analysis Approach. Psychiatr Danub. 2022; 34(Suppl 10): 226–232.
  • Rana W, Mukhtar S, Mukhtar, S. COVID-19 in Pakistan: Current status, challenges and recommendations. Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan. 2020; 3(57): 48–52. https://doi.org/10.23950/1812-2892-JCMK-00766.
  • Mukhtar S, Mukhtar S, Rana W. COVID-19 Feminist Framework to Address Public Health Impact of Violence, Abuse, and Trauma in Children, Women, BIPOC, and LGBTQIA+ Community: A Preliminary Observation. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2021; 33(5), 645–647. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395211014351.
  • Johnstone L, Dallos RA. Formulation in psychology and psychotherapy. London, England: Routledge Taylor and Francis; 2014.
  • Mukhtar S. Domestic/Intimate Partner Violence, Abuse, and Trauma During COVID-19 Lockdown: Gaslighting, Non-consensual Condom Removal, Grooming, Coercive Control, Power Dynamic, and Sexual Entitlement in Emotional and Psychological Abuse. Journal of Psychosexual Health. 2023; 5(4), 198–207.
  • Mukhtar S, Mukhtar S, & Rana W. COVID-19 Feminist Framework to Address Public Health Impact of Violence, Abuse, and Trauma in Children, Women, BIPOC, and LGBTQIA+ Community: A Preliminary Observation. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2021; 33(5), 645–647. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395211014351.
  • Rana W, Mukhtar S, Mukhtar S. Countering Emotional and Psychological Manipulation Abuse by Cultivating Resilience, Meaning, and Well-Being Among Victims of Male Intimate Partner Violence – Working Frontline Health Care Workers During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Qualitative Study. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2023; 34 (6–7): 671–674. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395221107139.