Immune Response in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract.
Obesity is a widespread chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to increased health risks and subsequent development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. According to the World Obesity Federation (WOF), the prevalence of obese individuals in the world will increase to 1 billion adults by 2030. The WOF includes Kazakhstan as a high-risk country for obesity. In 2030 obesity in Kazakhstan is predicted to reach 25.7% in men, 29% in women, and 9.5% in children aged 5-19.  The National Center for Public Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan has reported a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly among children. According to the results of epidemiological monitoring, the rate of obesity among boys was notably higher than that among girls. Specifically, 23.6% of boys were classified as overweight, including obesity, compared to 17.6% of girls. Additionally, 8.7% of boys were classified as obese, compared to 4.6% of girls [1,2]. Recent studies highlight the role of immune cell function in obesity-related inflammation providing a potential new target for treating obesity-linked inflammatory diseases. This review article discusses the role of immune cells in regulating obesity-related diseases, including diabetes.