Is Spirituality a Source of Support or Conflict for Infertility? A Qualitative Study

Sevda Karakaş 1 * , Rukiye Höbek Akarsu 2, Özden Tandoğan 3, Özlem Şahan 4
More Detail
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Scinces, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
4 Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Scineces, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
* Corresponding Author
J CLIN MED KAZ, In press. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/16267
OPEN ACCESS 38 Views 0 Downloads
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, R. H. A.; methodology – not applicable; validation, S. K., R. H. A.; formal analysis, S. K., Ö. T.; investigation, S. K., R. H. A.; software, S. K.; resources, S. K.; data curation, S. K., R. H. A., Ö. T., Ö. Ş.; writing – original draft preparation, S. K., R. H. A., Ö. T., Ö. Ş.; writing – review and editing, S. K., R. H. A., Ö. T.; visualization, S. K., R. H. A.; supervision, R. H. A., Ö. T., Ö. Ş.; project administration – not applicable; funding acquisition – not applicable. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Data availability statement: The corresponding author can provide the data supporting the study's conclusions upon request. Due to ethical and privacy constraints, the data are not publicly accessible.

Ethics statement: The principles of the Declaration of Helsinki were adhered to throughout the study. For research Ethics committee decision was obtained from the Yozgat Bozok University Ethics Committee (Decision number: 22/01; Decision Date: 02.01.2022).

ABSTRACT

Background: Infertility has become an important public health problem in developing countries due to its high prevalence. Infertility is a difficult crisis situation with psychological and spiritual dimensions.
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the psychological burden of infertility treatment process in women.
Methods: This research was designed as a descriptive qualitative study. This study was conducted in a governmental hospital's infertility outpatient clinic in Istanbul, Turkey. Twenty participants participated in the face-to-face, in-depth interview technique used to gather the research data. A semi-structured interview and a comprehensive information form were used to gather data.
Results: In line with the interviews with the participants, 2 main themes, 9 sub-themes and 12 codes for the sub-themes were determined as the findings obtained based on the content analysis in the study, positive religious behaviors and negative religious behaviors.
Conclusions: In our study, it was found that women felt unhappy, hopeless and helpless and could not accept not being able to have children.

CITATION

Karakaş S, Höbek Akarsu R, Tandoğan Ö, Şahan Ö. Is Spirituality a Source of Support or Conflict for Infertility? A Qualitative Study. J Clin Med Kaz. 2025. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/16267

REFERENCES

  • World Health Organization, Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research. 1990-2021 Infertility prevalence estimates. 2023. Access address: https://www.who.int/home/search-results?indexCatalogue=genericsearchindex1&searchQuery=male%20infertility&wordsMode=AnyWord.
  • Safara M, Moosavi S, Mousvainejad SM, Seyedi SM. The role of spiritual health in predicting stress in infertile women mediated by resilience. Journal of Midwifery & Reproductive Health. 2024; 12(2): 4197–4207. https://doi.org/10.22038/JMRH.2023.68391.2006.
  • Demirel G, Taşkin YF, Yenicesu AG. The relationship between religious coping, adjustment to fertility, affected by infertility, and life satisfaction in Turkish women with infertility. Journal of Religion and Health. 2021; 60: 4264–4277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01319-1.
  • Höbek AR, Kizilkaya BN. Spiritual and religious issues of stigmatization women with infertility: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion and Health. 2021; 60(1): 256–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00884-w.
  • Mete S, Fata S, Tokat M. Feelings, opinions and experiences of Turkish women with infertility: A qualitative study. Health İnformatics Journal. 2020; 26(1): 528–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219839628.
  • Yücesoy H, Yildirim F, Şahin EA. Current perspective on the cultural, economic, psychosocial and sexual aspects of infertility: Basic nursing approaches. Andrology Bulletin. 2021; 23(4): 256–263. https://doi.org/10.24898/tandro.2021.97360.
  • Zurlo M, Cattaneo DM, Vallone, F. Infertility-related stress and psychological health outcomes in infertile couples undergoing medical treatments: Testing a multi-dimensional model. J. Clin. Psychol. Med. Settings. 2020; 27(4): 662–676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-019-09653-z.
  • Lei A, You H, Luo B, Ren J. The associations between infertility-related stress, family adaptability and family cohesion in infertile couples. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11(1): 24220. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03715-9.
  • Luo D, Zhouchen YB, Li L, Jiang YL, Liu Y, Redding SR, Wang R, Ouyang YQ. The Stigma and Infertility-Related Stress of Chinese Infertile Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare. 2024; 12(11): 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12111053.
  • Assaysh ÖS, Borneskog C, Ternström E. Women's experience of infertility & treatment – A silent grief and failed care and support. Sex Reprod Health. 2023; 37: 100879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100879.
  • Mokhtari F, Torabi, F, Pirhadi M. Relationship between fertility characteristics with spiritual intelligence and resilience in infertile couples. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2022; 11(1): 44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_97_21.
  • Rezaei SM, Mosavinezhad, SM, Ansari B. The role of spiritual experiences in feeling of failure and infertility stress among infertile women. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics 2020; 7(4): 41–49. http://jhsme.muq.ac.ir/article-1-400-en.html.
  • Öztürk R, Bloom TL, Li Y, Bullock LFC. Stress, stigma, violence experiences and social support of US infertile women. J. Reprod. Infant Psychol. 2021; 39: 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1754373.
  • Lvy Y, Zhang F, Cai Z, Zhong D, Xing L. Correlation among irrational parenthood cognitions, fertility stress, and social support in patients with repeated implantation failure and the mediating effect of fertility stress: a cross-sectional survey. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2024; 41: 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-023-02953-2.
  • Oti BM, Oppong AK. Psychological health and religious coping of Ghanaian women with infertility. Biopsychosocial Medicine. 2017; 11(20): 2–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-017-0105-9.
  • Cohen O, Katz A, Sarid O. Religiosity: The impact on coping styles of women undergoing fertility treatment. Journal of Religion and Health. 2017; 56(3): 1032–1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0344-2.
  • Galhardo A, Alves J, Moura RM, Cunha M. Infertility-related stress and depressive symptoms—The role of experiential avoidance: A cross-sectional study. J. Reprod. Infant Psychol. 2020; 38: 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019.1612046.
  • Roudsari RL, Allan HT, Smith PA. Iranian and English women's use of religion and spirituality as resources for coping with infertility. Human Fertility. 2014; 17(2): 114–123. https://doi.org/10.3109/14647273.2014.909610.
  • Yilmaz T, Oskay ÜY. Methods of coping with infertility stress and nursing approaches, Journal of Health Sciences and Professions. 2015; 2(1): 100–112. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.20993.
  • Arvas FB. Religion-Health relationship: Evidence, theory and suggestions for the future, Journal of Academic Research in Religious Sciences. 2018; 18(2): 449–478. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/562016.
  • Connelly LM. Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Medsurg Nursing. 2016; 25(6): 435–437. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30304614.
  • Halkola ST, Koivula M, Aho AL. A qualitative study of the factors that help the coping of infertile women. Nursing Open. 2022; 9(1): 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1062.
  • Sormunen T, Aanesen A, Fossum B, Karlgren K, Westerbotn M. Infertility‐related communication and coping strategies among women affected by primary or secondary infertility. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2018; 27(1–2): 335–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13953.