Retrospective Analysis of Ankle Osteoarthritis: Evaluation of Clinical and Epidemiologic Data at the Kazakh National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics

Introduction: Ankle osteoarthritis is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts patient mobility and quality of life. Surgical interventions, such as arthroscopic debridement and arthrodesis, are commonly employed to alleviate symptoms and restore function. However, the optimal choice between these procedures remains a subject of debate.
Objective: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the clinical and epidemiologic data of patients with ankle osteoarthritis treated at the hospital. We compared the outcomes of arthroscopic debridement and arthrodesis, focusing on pain relief and functional improvements based on the severity of osteoarthritis.
Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective case series.
Results: Group I had a significantly younger median age (41 years) compared to Group II (59 years, p = 0.0021). Group II also presented a higher mean BMI (26.2 vs. 23.9; p = 0.0391). Preoperatively, Group I demonstrated a mean VAS score of 4.63, improving to 1.52 postoperatively (p = 0.0000) and 3.63 after 12 months (p = 0.0003). In Group II, the VAS score improved from 6.92 to 3.85 postoperatively (p = 0.0000), but increased to 5.08 after 12 months (p = 0.0001). Functional outcomes as measured by the AOFAS score significantly improved in both groups, although Group I showed better long-term functional outcomes.
Conclusion: Arthroscopic debridement provided better short-term functional improvement and pain relief, particularly in younger patients with early-stage osteoarthritis. Arthrodesis, while effective for advanced disease, was associated with a higher risk of recurrent pain and reduced functionality over time. The choice of treatment should be individualized, considering patient age, BMI, arthritis severity, and comorbidities.