Seasonal and epidemiological profile of chickenpox cases in Kazakhstan

Sauran Yerdessov 1 * , Anara Abbay 1, Zhalaliddin Makhammajanov 1, Arnur Gusmanov 1, Yesbolat Sakko 1, Gulnur Zhakhina 1, Kamilla Mussina 1, Dmitriy Syssoyev 1, Aidar Alimbayev 1, Abduzhappar Gaipov 1
More Detail
1 Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan.
* Corresponding Author
J CLIN MED KAZ, Volume 20, Issue 1, pp. 40-43. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/12919
OPEN ACCESS 1418 Views 831 Downloads
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

Background: According to the National infectious disease monitoring report, there is a fluctuating pattern of incidence of chickenpox in the country, but there are no studies reporting the epidemiological situation in Kazakhstan. There is a discernable association of varicella epidemiology with climate, particularly temperature dependency. We aimed to analyze the incidence and seasonality of chickenpox in the absence of universal varicella vaccination in Kazakhstan.
Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of the long-term dynamics of chickenpox was carried out, and data he state report "Sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020" and data from the Unified Payment System (UPS) from 2014 to 2020 were used.
of registered patients between 2010 and 2020 were retrieved from the National infectious disease monitoring report and the Unified Payment System (UPS) database from 2014 to 2020, which is part of the Unified National Electronic Health System (UNEHS).
Results: The highest incidence rate for the studied period was registered in 2014 – 363.96 and the lowest was in 2020 – 95.8 per 100,000 population. Overall, 17,520 cases of chickenpox were recorded with an incidence rate of 95.8 per 100,000 population in the country in 2020 (against 41,841 cases, with an indicator of 228.9 in 2019). The highest proportion of cases is observed among children from 4 to 6 years old (29%), children from 1 to 3 years old  (24%)  and  from 7 to 9 years old (15%) . Similar to previous years, there was an autumn-winter spreadingdistribution of morbidity, with the highest registration of morbidity in January.
Conclusion: The findings of this study can aid in the prediction of epidemics and the preparation for the impact of climate change on the disease mentioned in epidemiology by implementing preventive puBased on our study, the highest incidence rate of chickenpox in Kazakhstan was registered in 2014 (363.96 per 100,000 population) and morbidity was distributed in the autumn-winter season. These findings might aid in forecasting future outbreaks of infection based on the influence of climate change on chickenpox, and help in making a decision about the implementation of varicella preventive and control initiatives in the country.
Keywords: infectious diseases, epidemiology, chickenpox, Kazakhstan.

CITATION

Yerdessov S, Abbay A, Makhammajanov Z, Gusmanov A, Sakko Y, Zhakhina G, et al. Seasonal and epidemiological profile of chickenpox cases in Kazakhstan. J CLIN MED KAZ. 2023;20(1):40-3. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/12919

REFERENCES

  • Simpson RH Infectiousness of communicable diseases in the household (measles, chickenpox, and mumps). Lancet. 1952; 260:549-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(52)91357-3
  • Galil, K., Brown, C., Lin, F. & Seward, J. Hospitalizations for varicella in the United States, 1988 to 1999. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2002; 21:931-935.This paper describes the effects of the varicella vaccine (decreased morbidity and mortality in the United States). https://doi.org/10.1097/00006454-200210000-00009
  • Rawson, H., Crampin, A. & Noah, N. Deaths from chickenpox in England and Wales 1995-7: analysis of routine mortality data. BMJ. 2001; 323:1091-1093. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1091
  • Grose C. Variation on a theme by Fenner: the pathogenesis of chickenpox. Pediatrics. 1981;68(5):735-737. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.68.5.735
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Varicella vaccination in the European Union. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015.
  • Varela FH, Pinto LA, Scotta MC. Global impact of varicella vaccination programs. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(3):645-657. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1546525
  • Immunization Regional Snapshot 2018 Europe and Central Asia. UNICEF; 7-Profile EECA (unicef.org)
  • Varicella and herpes zoster vaccines: WHO position paper. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2014; 89(25): WER8925_265-287.PDF (who. int)
  • Wutzler P, Bonanni P, Burgess M, Gershon A, Sáfadi MA, Casabona G. Varicella vaccination - the global experience. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017;16(8):833-843. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2017.1343669
  • Gershon, A. A., Takahashi, M. & Seward, J. F. in Vaccines (eds Plotkin, S., Orenstein, W. & Offit, P. ) 915-958 (Saunders Elsevier, 2011).
  • Lolekha, S. et al. Effect of climatic factors and population density on varicella zoster virus epidemiology within a tropical country. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2001; 64:131-136. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2001.64.131
  • Liyanage, N. P. M. et al. Seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus infections in Colombo district Sri Lanka. Indian J. Med. Sci. 2007; 61:128-134. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5359.30747
  • Yang Y, Geng X, Liu X, Wang W, Zhang J. Association between the incidence of varicella and meteorological conditions in Jinan, eastern China, 2012-2014. BMC Infect Dis. 2016; 16(1):179-187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1507-1
  • Wu PY, Li YC, Wu HDI. Risk factors for chickenpox incidence in Taiwan from a large-scale computerized database. Int J Dermatol .2007; 46(4):362-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.03050.x
  • Harigane K, Sumi A, Mise K, Kobayashi N (2015) The role of temperature in reported chickenpox cases from 2000 to 2011 in Japan. Epidemiol Infect 143(12):2666-2678. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026881400363X
  • Varicella and herpes zoster vaccines: WHO position paper. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2014; 89(25): WER8925_265-287.PDF (who. int)
  • National Center of Public Health Care of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Sanitary and Epidemiological Conditions. https://rk-ncph.kz/en/sanepidem-en
  • ZJ L, Wang Y, WangDM. Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Guizhou, 2013-2017. Mod Prev Med. 2019;46:3101-03.
  • Yuyang Xu, Yan Liu, Xiaoping Zhang, Xuechao Zhang, Jian Du, Yuxin Cai, Jun Wang, Xinren Che, Wenwen Gu, Wei Jiang & Junfang Chen. Epidemiology of varicella and effectiveness of varicella vaccine in Hangzhou, China, 2019. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2021; 17:1, 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1769395
  • Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA. Vaccines [M]. 7th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier; 2018. p. 1145-80.
  • Sumi A. Role of temperature in reported chickenpox cases in northern European countries: Denmark and Finland. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3497-0
  • Bollaerts K, Riera-Montes M, Heininger U, Hens N, Souverain A, Verstraeten T, Hartwig S. A systematic review of varicella seroprevalence in European countries before universal childhood immunization: deriving incidence from seroprevalence data. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(13):2666-2677. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268817001546